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Qualidade pós-colheita de Longans submetidas ao tratamento hidrotérmico e de desidratação, embaladas e armazenadas sob refrigeração
(Universidade Estadual de Goiás, 2020-10-26)
Rimoli, Pedro Augusto Resende
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Campos, André José de
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Campos, André José de
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Silva, Flávio Alves da
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Morgado, Cristiane Ascari
The longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour) is a major crop, grown commercially in tropical and subtropical climate zones. Due to the lack of information related to postharvest conservation, it is necessary to carry out studies that help to improve the conservation conditions of the fruit, seeking to increase shelf life and maintenance of organoleptic properties. Therefore, this work aimed to study longan’s post-harvest quality submitted to different drying temperatures and hydrothermal treatment, in addition to the effect related to the presence and absence of packaging in refrigerated environment, verifying the quality variables: physical, physical-chemical and bioactive. After the harvest, the fruits were transported from Fazenda Coqueiro, located in Santa Rita do Passa Quatro – SP, to the Laboratory of Drying and Storage of Vegetable Products, Universidade Estadual de Goiás - Campus of Exact and Technological Sciences - Henrique Santillo, in Anapolis - GO. The project was divided into two experiments, both in a completely randomized design with four replications. In the first experiment, with a 6x2x6 factorial scheme, the fruits were submitted to six temperatures of hydrothermal treatment (25 (control), 45, 47, 49, 51 and 53 °C); packed in low density polyethylene packaging - LDPE or without packaging (control); and evaluated every three days for a total of 6 days of analysis (0, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 days). The second experiment used a factorial scheme of 5x9, five dehydration temperatures (60, 65, 70, 75 and 80ºC), lasting 12 hours each, and nine days of analysis, which were performed every three days (0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21 and 24 days) and stored in LDPE packaging. In both experiments, after application of the treatments, the fruits were stored and kept in a BOD incubator at 75+5% U.R and storage temperature of 4+2ºC. The following analysis were studied during storage: mass loss, firmness (1st experiment), soluble welds (SS), titratable acidity (AT), maturation index (IM), coloring (L *, ° Hue, Chroma and Darkening Index), hydrogen potential (pH), pulp / peel and pulp / seed ratio (1st experiment), ascorbic acid (vitamin C) (1st experiment), antioxidant activity (1st experiment) and extractable polyphenols (1st experiment). The data obtained with the respective tests were subjected to analyze of variance (P≤0.05) and, when significant, the means were compared by Scott Knott's test at 5% probability for the packaging factor and regression for the other factors. It was possible to conclude that the fruits that were submitted in different hydrothermal treatment temperatures have obtained positive results, with emphasis on the treatment at 45ºC, which provides greater conservation in the longan’s physicochemical characteristics, and 53ºC, which generates improvements in longan’s bioactive characteristics, due to an increase in the antioxidant activity and polyphenols parameters. While longans that were packaged in LDPE it was observed a greater conservation of desirable qualities. Regarding the dehydration experiment, the temperatures that stood out the most were 80ºC, due to the higher results in all parameters, and 75ºC, which furthermore have obtained positive results for all tests, maintaining the fruit’s quality during storage, in addition to extending the longan’s useful life. Both experiments were able to conserve the fruits for their respective entire storage period.
Classificação do estádio de maturação de cagaitas utilizando estatística multivariada e redes neurais artificiais
(Universidade Estadual de Goiás, 2021-12-16)
Campos, Gabriella Andrezza Meireles
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Campos, André José de
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Melo, Francisco Ramos de
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Melo, Francisco Ramos de
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Morgado, Cristiane Maria Ascari
The present work aimed to evaluate the classification of different maturation stages of cagaita (Dysenteric eugenics DC.) using multivariate statistics and artificial neural networks. 120 samples were collected, with 3 fruits each sample, every 3 days on 5 different days after anthesis (DAA) (28, 31, 34, 37 and 40 DAA), totaling 600 samples. For the analysis using multivariate statistics, characteristics were evaluated, such as: weight, longitudinal diameter, transversal diameter, area, color (luminosity, °hue and chroma), pulp and skin firmness, soluble solids (SS), hydrogenion potential (pH), titratable acidity (AT) and maturation index (IM). The data obtained were standardized and submitted to principal components analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (Clusters), and to validate the established methods, the cophenetic correlation coefficient (CCC) was calculated. In the classification of the cagaita maturation stage using artificial neural networks, images of each cagaita fruit were obtained on each day after the anthesis analyzed, totaling 600 images. The images were converted to grayscale and segmented. Subsequently, information was extracted from the color models (RGB, HSV, L, °hue and chroma) and the geometric attributes (length and area) of the fruit images. The parameters extracted from the images were used as inputs to the artificial neural networks. The outputs were established based on the days after anthesis and analyzed, in which each one came to correspond to a class (1, 2, 3, 4 and 5), respectively. 20 networks were trained, changing, in each of them, the number of nodes in the hidden layer (3 to 12 nodes) and the optimization functions (adam and nadam). The precision and loss (error) of each network were calculated in order to determine which model presented the best performance in the training. To evaluate the performance of the best model, 4 statistical parameters were calculated, namely: accuracy, precision, recall and F-score. For the first stage of the analysis, through principal component analysis, PCs 1, 2 and 3 explained 98,44% of the data variability. Cluster analysis (Clusters) explained the maturation stage of cagaitas through the behavior of physical, physicochemical and chemical variables at different stages of maturation, dividing these days into 3 groups (group 1, group 2 and group 3), where in group 1 we find if 28 and 31 DAA, group 2, 40 DAA and group 3, 34 and 37 DAA. Multivariate statistical analyzes showed a cophenetic correlation coefficient of 0,8234. For the second part, using the ANNs, the network model that presented the best precision was the one with 9 nodes in the hidden layer and “adam” optimizer, showing the accuracy of 57,353%. In the network classification metrics report for determining different stages of maturation, the highest accuracy, precision and R-score are from Class 1, 97,1%, 75% and 75%, respectively, and the best recall from Class 2 (88,9%). Checking the calculation of the cophenetic correlation coefficient, regarding the adequacy of the grouping and the precision of definition of the best model of ANNs, it was possible to conclude that the best method for the classification of different stages of maturation of cagaita in this work was the multivariate statistics, although the classification through artificial neural networks was also efficient.
Reinoculação de rizóbio e co-inoculação de Azospirillum aplicado em cobertura em distintos estádios de crescimento do feijão
(Universidade Estadual de Goiás, 2024-09-03)
Bravo, Tamires Ester Peixoto
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Teixeira, Itamar Rosa
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http://lattes.cnpq.br/3448759504226115
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http://lattes.cnpq.br/2014335316765679
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Teixeira, Itamar Rosa
Common beans can meet their nitrogen demand through Biological Nitrogen Fixation (BNF). However, for this to happen, it is necessary to overcome bottlenecks related to application technologies. This study aimed to investigate th e response capacity of common beans to the reinoculation of Rhizobium tropici as a sidedressing, with or without co inoculation of Azospirillum brasilense, at different stages of crop development. The experiments were conducted during the 2023 winter harve st and the 2023/2024 rainy season, using a randomized block design with 12 treatments and 4 replicates. The treatments included the application of an inoculant based on R. tropici alone and in co inoculation with Azospirillum, reinoculated as a sidedressin g at the V3, V4, R5 and R6 stages. Additional treatments were also tested: control without inoculation and without fertilization; inoculation with R. tropici via seed at the reference dose; co inoculation with R. tropici + Azospirillum via seed at the refe rence dose; and mineral nitrogen fertilization (16 and 64 kg ha⁻¹, respectively, at the base and as topdressing). The evaluated characteristics included: nodulation (number and dry mass of nodules), plant morphophysiology (length of the main root, dry mass of the root, dry mass of the aerial part and leaf N content), in addition to the productive components (number of pods per plant, number of grains per pod, average weight of one hundred grains, grain yield and final stand). The data were subjected to anal ysis of variance and the effect of the treatments was discriminated by the Scott Knott test at 5% probability. A principal component analysis (PCA) was also performed to identify the relationships between the studied characteristics. The results showed tha t the reinoculation technique with co inoculation of Azospirillum at the V4 stage resulted in significantly yields to topdressing with 80 kg ha⁻¹ of N. In addition, there was an 8.7% increase in common bean yield compared to the application of nitrogen fer tilizer, evidencing the benefits of the applied technique. The PCA analysis confirmed the variation in data between harvests, indicating the influence of water stress and thermal accumulation on bean yield
Desenvolvimento e rendimento do feijoeiro em resposta à adubação organomineral à base de cama de frango, associada à inoculação com Rhizobium tropici e Coinoculação com Azospirillum brasilense
(Universidade Estadual de Goiás, 2023-11-01)
Souza, Bruna Mayara Faria Lima de
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Teixeira, Gisele Carneiro da Silva
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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7130-3664
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http://lattes.cnpq.br/2937628248163067
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http://lattes.cnpq.br/2410847692436604
Sustainable fertilization techniques, such as the use of organo-minerals, inoculants, and growth regulators, can be an alternative to the use of commonly used mineral fertilizers, which are often expensive and potentially polluting. This study aimed to evaluate nodulation, development, and yield of common bean in response to the addition of different doses of organo-mineral fertilizer based on chicken litter, in association with inoculation by Rhizobium tropici and co-inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense. An experiment was conducted during the 2022/2023 rainy season, using a randomized block experimental design in a 5x3+1 factorial scheme, with three replications. The treatments consisted of four doses of organo-mineral fertilizer (0, 375, 750, 975, and 1500 kg ha-1), with or without inoculation with R. tropici and coinoculation with A. brasilense, along with an additional treatment involving mineral fertilization. Nodulation variables (number of nodules per plant and dry nodule mass per plant), plant development (leaf area index, plant height, stem diameter, main root length, accumulation of dry biomass in the above-ground and root parts, and Nitrogen content), and agronomic characteristics (number of pods per plant, number of grains per pod, 100-grain weight, and grain yield) were assessed. Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that the addition of organo-mineral fertilizer at sowing, in association with the use of R. tropici inoculant, influences nodulation and the growth of common bean. The components and yield of the common bean are influenced by the use of chicken litter-based organo-mineral fertilizer. The dose of 750 kg ha-1 of chicken litter-based organo-mineral fertilizer, in association with seed inoculation with R. tropici, leads to higher common bean yields. Conversely, co-inoculation with A. brasilense appears to be less effective in bean nutrition. The chicken litter-based organo-mineral fertilizer at a dose of 750 kg ha-1, in combination with seed inoculation using R. tropici, can replace the use of mineral fertilizer in bean cultivation.
Caracterização de filmes elaborados por compressão térmica à base de misturas de amidos e plastificantes: biodegradabilidade em função do tempo e tipo de solo
(Universidade Estadual de Goiás, 2022-03-28)
Farias, Viviane de Paula
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http://lattes.cnpq.br/3060340994426916
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http://lattes.cnpq.br/3783707833540303
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Ascheri, Diego Palmiro Ramirez
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Morgado, Cristiane Maria Ascari
Films as a function of mixtures of starches can present a great potential for the formation of biodegradable products together with the insertion of plasticizing agents. Biodegradability is an important factor in determining how long the film can be fully degraded in the environment. The objective of this work was to optimize the elaboration of biodegradable films by thermal compression as a function of mixtures of starches and plasticizers and to evaluate the biodegradation of the films by means of digital image processing. Initially, the physicochemical characteristics of the starches (maize, banha-degalinha, fruta-do-lobo, lírio-do-brejo and parreira-do-mato) were analyzed. Previously, films of starch mixtures were prepared using water as plasticizer, using the simplex network design {5,2}. The film-forming solutions were prepared based on mixtures of starch and water, irradiated in microwaves and molded by thermal compression. Solubility in water was determined from the produced films, which was used as a parameter to select four films with different solubility values. Plasticizing agents (glycerol and citric acid) were added to the selected films. The combination of these variables was performed in a 4 x 2 x 2 triple factorial scheme. The films were also prepared as in the previous case. The studied response was water solubility, which was used as a parameter to select five best films for the evaluation of biodegradability. In addition to solubility, physicochemical, optical and mechanical properties were evaluated. For the biodegradation test, a 5 x 3 x 7 triple factorial scheme was carried out: 5 types of films, 3 types of soils and 7 days of analysis. ImageJ and Octave software were used for image analysis and processing to evaluate the biodegradability of the films. The insertion of plasticizing agents (citric acid and glycerol) provided an increase in moisture, solubility, strength and tensile strength and reduced water activity, water vapor permeability and film elongation. The TF2 film (mixture of fruta-do-lobo with 30% glycerol and 2% citric acid) was the most biodegradable treatment, and the TF4 films (mixture of banha-de-galinha and lírio-do-brejo starches more 30% glycerol and 3% citric acid) and TF5 (a mixture of banha-de-galinha and lírio-do-brejo starches with 40% glycerol and 2% citric acid) based on a mixture of lard starches de-chicken and lily-of-the-brejo were the least biodegradable treatments. Therefore, the films based on mixtures of banha-de-galinha and lírio-dobrejo starches (TF4 and TF5) presented chemical, physical and mechanical aspects that show the potential of these polymers in the use of packaging.