Fragilidade ambiental da alta bacia hidrográfica do Rio Meia Ponte (Goiás) e conflitos pelo uso da água

Abstract

The study was developed in the Upper River Basin of the Meio Ponte River which is located in the central region of the state of Goiás , upstream of the metropolitan region of Goiânia Its territory consists of 11 municipalities: Brazabrantes, Caturaí, Damolândia, Goiânia, Goianira, Inhumas, Ituaçu, Nerópolis, Nova Veneza, Ouro Verde de Goiás and Santo Antônio de Goiás. The study area is 1674.07 km² and is positioned between the geograp hical coordinates latitudes 16° 06' and 16° 36' South and longitudes 49° 42' and 49° 06' West. The objective of the dissertation was to evaluate the environmental fragility and the conflicts for water use in the Upper Basin of Meia Ponte River, Goiás, foll owing the methodologies proposed by Ross (1994), aiming to understand the dynamics of the study area in relation to its physical aspects and anthropic occupation. We used cartographic bases from agencies such as Mapbiomas, IBGE and information and data from Embrapa, Saneago, Cimhego, IMB (Mauro Borges Institute), Semad (State Secretariat of Environment and Sustainable Development) among others, obtained from the State System of Geoinformation of Goiás (SIEG), SRTM (Shuttle Radar Topography Mission) image s for empirical analysis and mapping of Environmental Fragility. The results indicated that ABHRMP in relation to the rainfall variables are in the moderate and high fragility classes, geology low and moderate fragility, soil types low and moderate fragili ty, slope low and moderate, and land use and land cover low and very low fragility. The degree of environmental protection in the ABHRMP, determined by the Potential Environmental Fragility (PAF), is low where the acidic/dystrophic red latosols occur, and moderate with predominance of yellow red argissolos. The condition of the soils determined by the Emerging Environmental Fragility (EFA) is between low fragility classes with the occurrence of temporary crops and high with the predominance of pastures. Ant hropic action in the ABHRMP by the various land uses and the removal of vegetation cover leads to a scenario of high degrees of environmental fragility.