As contribuições da agroecologia para conservação do cerrado

Abstract

Agroecology, in its essence, seeks the re-signification of peasant traditions as a means of surviving rural industrialization. This pattern of activity is based on traditional rural knowledge to achieve sustainable and healthy production. From this new productive perspective, the present research had the objective of evaluating, discussing and discussing the agroecological practices in comparison to the conventional agriculture of the rural properties of the municipality of Itapuranga, GO. This study also intends to analyze peasants perceptions about the categories family farming and peasantry, according to the principles and concepts of agroecology, trying to categorize these rural owners in a perspective beyond the category of family farmers. Even the majority of these rural workers interviewed claiming to be in the family farmer category, their origin and struggle goes beyond the framework of the National Family Agriculture Policy. Its root of struggle in the municipality makes it autonomous in front of the global society, in a social and economic way, since it maintains the capacity to provide for the subsistence of the family nucleus, working in the daily activities with its family, with exchange of knowledges in group word, meetings of the associations and the union, in prayers, services and celebrations. Therefore, they are better defined as peasants. The assertion as a peasant category is even more justified with the peasants who work with agroecological practices, since, besides presenting the aforementioned peasant characteristics, they are organized in a group of specific agroecological peasants. In such groups, they make group work, wheels of conversations and participatory visits, occurring in the meetings exchange of experiences, mutual aid and exchange of knowledge, empowering the peasant of knowledge, values and self-confidence. However, there is still resistance in the municipality by the peasants, who produce in a conventional way, in accepting and wanting to produce in an agroecological way. The results of the physical-chemical analyzes of the soils showed that there is no difference between the physical and chemical concentrations of the soils in the agroecological and conventional productions. Therefore, agroecology management, even when recent in the municipality, is efficient and productive, demonstrating that the use of agrochemicals is a much more traditional condition in the peasant's life than is necessary, as was stated in the period of the Green Revolution. However, for the adoption of agroecological practices, first, the conventional peasant would have to know its form of production, since a part of the peasants interviewed did not know about the term agroecology, or, for the most part, had erroneous knowledge, with "prejudices". Another factor for the adoption of agroecological practices would be the encouragement of public policies for production, valuing all forms of peasant production, where the market would be fair and who would take the most part of the profit would be the peasant rather than the middleman . An alternative to this problem would be the strengthening of the free fairs, a reality already experienced in the municipality of Itapuranga, where products with fair prices are sold and the profit of the production returns with the peasant for its property. The results showed that the agroecological practices developed in Itapuranga were affirmative for the incentive, satisfaction and profitability of agroecological production.