A história da ciência como objeto mediador do conhecimento do conteúdo de parasitologia no ensino médio : um livro paradidático

Abstract

This work results from literature and empirical research to complete the Professional Masters in the Graduate Program of Science Education at the State University of Goiás (UEG). It was used as sources works and articles by authors who discuss the current problems of science education; the concept of didactic transposition, its advantages and disadvantages; the importance of the History of Science as a mediator object of scientific knowledge; mediation and facilitator; the importance and relevance of teaching and paradidactic book in the teaching-learning process. The purpose of this research was born from the concern to make the science more understandable to the student, approaching the building process of this knowledge through interdisciplinary biology and history. The proposed objective is to analyze the importance of the History of Science as a mediator object of knowledge in science teaching. The text is divided into three chapters: the first is questioned the positivist concept of science that is transmitted in the classroom questioning its implications in teaching current science; It is also conceptualized and problematized the didactic transposition as one of the reasons for the gap between the student and scientific knowledge; analyzed as the textbook is seen in science education; and discussed the importance of textbooks for the teaching of biology. In the second chapter looking conceptualize the term "mediation"; It highlights the contributions of Vygotsky to understanding the mediation and teacher-mediator; to discuss mediation in teaching history; to punctuate differences between history and the history of science; It is a reflection on the history as a mediator object of scientific knowledge; is evident in the different ways that the literature shows how the History of Science has been worked in the textbooks of biology; and it emphasizes the importance of History of Science in and out of the teaching of biology book. And in the third chapter, it is detailed the elaboration process, preparation and evaluation of the educational product built, paradidactic book "Chagas, malaria and hookworm: Neglected diseases still kill in Brazil." It is noted that, as empirical research, the evaluation process of the developed product was through questionnaires with closed and open questions applied to students, and biology teachers and history in high school, in public school and private Goiânia and Aparecida Goiânia. The evaluations were considered in order to improve paradidactic book, and then prepare its final version today is forthcoming by the graphics of UEG. With the results obtained, it is believed to have reached the proposed objectives given that there was interest and commitment of the subjects studied in the evaluation of the material, with contributions so relevant that ended up writing the final version of the educational product. Therefore, it is considered to be possible to reduce the distance between the student and science using the History of Science as a mediator object of knowledge, since the latter inserts the student in the historical context of the findings and deconstructs the idea of immutable and linear scientists and science, humanizing them as concrete beings and political interests.