Avaliação das características químicas do solo, da palhada e da pastagem sob influência de arranjos, espaçamento e espécies do eucalipto em sistema de ILPF

Abstract

The iLPF Forest-Livestock-Forest integration system is a new production technology of a more sustainable character, which seeks the maximum use of the elements (water, light and nutrients) through the interaction between the agricultural, livestock and forestry components, and for this reason it is a model that may be an alternative for Brazilian producers. The objective of this work was to evaluate the amount of corn straw and Crotalaria, in a consortium system and the development of the Marandu grass pasture at different distances of the row of three eucalyptus species planted in single and triple row arrangement and three densities of planting. The experiment was installed in the School Farm of the State University of Goiás, Campus São Luís dos Montes Belos, GO, in soil classified as LATOSSOLO VERMELHO Distrófico. Among the tree lines was planted in the first year corn for grain, intercropped with Crotalaria juncea, in the second year corn for silage was intercropped with U. brizantha, evaluated the decomposition and the release of nutrients by straw and in the second year the characteristic of pasture. The simultaneous consortium of corn and crotalaria provided good biomass production, expressing values of 10.25; 0.75; 5; 80; 4.85; 1.40 and 0.10 g kg-1 for N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S, in initial concentration. The release of N, P and Ca obtained liberation adjusting the quadratic equation with initial release and stabilization over time. Crotalaria intercropped with maize is an efficient alternative to produce biomass, providing a straw with soil cover capacity and enriches the system, however care must be taken in its simultaneous implantation. For the pasture it was observed that the plants closer to the trees express lower production of MV and DM of grass, although a higher index of the F: C ratio occurs and the increase in the percentage of leaves. The iLPF system is proven to be a sustainable system that guarantees several benefits with the optimization of productive areas and diversification of the environment, generating economic, productive and financial gains, possessing characteristics to be a technique to replace outdated models.