O apagamento da oclusiva dental /d/ em gerúndio : uma análise sociolinguística do falar vilaboense

Abstract

This research sought to describe the deletion of the dental stop /d/ in the gerund in the speech of residents of the City of Goiás-GO. The research was conducted in the light of Variationist Sociolinguistics (LABOV 1997, LABOV 2001, LABOV, 2008[1972] and WEINREICH, LABOV AND HERZOG, 2006) which aims to study the change and variation of language in the social context, such as some researches that support this dissertation and that describe the phenomenon in different Brazilian regions: Ferreira (2010), Martins and Bueno (2011), Hora and Aquino (2012), Nascimento et al (2013), Almeida and Oliveira (2017) and Vieira ( 2011). By dedicating itself to the linguistic community, this study seeks to fill a gap in the phenomenon with regard to its sociolinguistic mapping. We used the corpus collected by Bernardes (2020), which has 24 interviews with informants, born or living in the City of Goiás since they were two years old. The interviews were conducted using a semi-structured script. Occurrences were submitted to acoustic treatment in PRAAT and, subsequently, to statistical analysis in RStudio, an environment in which we verified the following linguistic conditioners that influence the deletion of /d/ in gerund: word length, preceding phonetic-phonological context and phonetic context -following phonological, comparing the results obtained with the analysis of data from the City of Goiás with those from other parts of the country. In addition, three social variables were analyzed: age group, education and gender. In a total of 459 occurrences of verbs in the gerund, there is an application of the deletion rule of /d/ in the gerund morpheme in 307 occurrences, that is, 66.9% of the total, indicating that the innovative form is the most used in Vilaboense speaking. The analyzes showed that the factors that most contribute to the realization of the innovative form are schooling and age group, considering that the other factors, both extralinguistic and linguistic, showed little relevance in the deletion of /d/ in gerund morpheme. We verified that the extralinguistic factors are more decisive than the linguistic factors, since the informants with high school showed a greater application of the deletion rule of /d/ in gerund morpheme, confirming the hypothesis that the deletion of the dental stop /d/ in (ing) in gerund in Vilaboense speech is conditioned by the schooling factor, and that there is a direct relationship between the increase in schooling and the choice for the conservative variant. The age range showed that the higher the age, the lower the deletion application rule, refuting our hypothesis that both age groups apply the deletion rule of the dental stop /d/, indicating a stable variation.