Sementes crioulas: análise competitiva e conservação do milho em Goiás

Abstract

The Creole Maize Seeds are fundamental for the strengthening of peasantry integrated with agrobiodiversity in Brazil, notably in the cerrado of Goiás. However, such traditional varieties of the species are losing their cultural value in the field due to the presence of conventional cultivars in the market supported by the country's public policies in favor of agribusiness. The Agribusiness system causes contamination and degradation of agro-ecosystems, destructuring of the peasantry, genetic erosion of varieties of natural species and control of natural resources under the domination of corporationscontrol. As an attempt to reverse this situation, some movements, organizations and the family-based farmers, have been organized to rescue the creole breed seeds and present an alternative agriculture. The present dissertation aimed to understand the historical process of production and conservation of the native seeds, to understand the field subjects involved in this process, to identify the social movements that develop conservation actions of the Creole maize in Goiás, to study the political and economic factors in the dispute over the private or popular control of maize seeds and the cultivation relationships between maize and improved maize, identifying the varieties that circulate in the state, territorial coverage, as well as a comparative analysis of two maize varieties under stress nutritional, being one commercial and another Creole. As a result, it can be observed the failures of the public policies towards the peasantry in Goiás. Until the moment the incentive programs are the PAA Sementes and, recently, PLANAPO, however, there is little concern to prioritize the creole seeds, making Goiás a barn dominated by agribusiness. From the struggle of the Comissão Pastoral da Terra (CPT), Movimento Camponês Popular (MCP), Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA), who develop decentralized participatory improvement among peasants considered seed keepers, resisted in the countryside, thus strengthening the peasantry and the permanence of the creole varieties. Catalão was identified as the most influential municipality in the actions of rescue of creole seeds and peasant resistance. When comparing the varieties of divergent provenances, it was found that the breeds of Creole nature remains more resistant when conditioned to nutritional stress, corroborating with research that affirm that Creole corn can be more productive and more profitable than commercial maize.