Avaliação da qualidade ambiental urbana por meio do sensoriamento remoto em Morrinhos-GO

Abstract

Urban environmental quality is an important indicator, directly related to the particularities experienced by the local population. Therefore, the fundamental objective of this research was to aplication on Urban Environmental Quality Index (IQAU) for Morrinhos-GO, from the synthesis of the following environmental indicators. In the class of biophysical indicators, vegetation cover density (Dcv), Density of green area (Dav) and surface temperature (Ts); in the Geomorphology and Infrastructure class, the slope of the terrain (Dt) and Susceptibility to flooding (Sa) were evaluated. These indicators were generated and organized in a Geographic Information System (GIS) environment, being later integrated through the analysis of evidence weights for which the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method was adopted and processed in the software QGIS 3.22. The results achieved reveal the potential of geoprocessing tools for the integration and synthesis of geospatial data, allowing to obtain products and applicability for decision-making in the context of urban and environmental planning of cities. The IQAU calculated in the urban area of Morrinhos, which has its values between 1 (minimum) and 4 (maximum), for the study area, was between values of IQAU, maximum = 3.803, average = 2.911 and minimum = 1.233. In the analysis of the density of green cover and density of green area, it was found that they are deficient and poorly distributed, with their highest concentration in areas of preserved remaining vegetation. The risk points for flooding in the city of Morrinhos are few, this is due to the shape of the wavy relief and few low parts with residential occupations. With the growth of the urban perimeter, nowadays, the need to have effective land use planning is highlighted. In addition, it is also expected that the methodology adopted in this research can be reproduced for other similar urban realities, with the necessary adjustments for each area of analysis.