História, ciência e tecnologia : estudos agronômicos e ambientais da cafeicultura no Cerrado goiano

Abstract

Coffee growing emerged as a central phenomenon in the socioeconomic dynamics of Goiás from the 1920s onwards, influencing not only territorial occupation, but also public policies and the development of regional infrastructure. The primary objective of this work was to evaluate, based on theoretical assumptions, the environmental history of coffee in the state of Goiás, to understand the development of the region. In the first chapter, publications from the second decade of the last century of newspapers, magazines and other sources of information dissemination were evaluated. The importance of the forests of Goiás, especially the regions known as Matas de São Patrício and the region of Goianésia, in the expansion of coffee farming was observed. These areas, initially considered unsuitable for agriculture by the local oligarchies, were the target of occupation and colonization policies, driven by the availability of vacant land and the agricultural potential of the "ultimate" soil. The decline of coffee growing in the region from the 1960s onwards highlights the fragility of this agricultural model, which was subject to market fluctuations and environmental factors. In the second chapter we carried out a scientometric analysis that highlighted the main themes researched related to coffee production in the Brazilian savannah. The analysis of published works identified that the emphasis of research is on agricultural practices, pest and disease control, improvements in fruit quality, as well as work related to soil microorganisms, which sparked interest in carrying out the third chapter. In this chapter we evaluate the relationship between Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) and the roots of plants of 35 coffee genotypes. It was observed that, in general, the varieties evaluated demonstrate the presence of different genera of AMF. The density of fungal spores in the soil and the rate of colonization in coffee tree roots are important as they reflect the interactions between plants and soil microorganisms, which are essential for plant health and development. The density of mycorrhizal fungi spores in the soil is an indicator of the activity and presence of these organisms in the environment. An increase in spore density may indicate a favorable environment for the development of these fungi, which is generally associated with healthy soil and plant conditions.