Desenvolvimento e influência do componente arbóreo no desempenho da lavoura em consórcio com leguminosa e depois capim

Abstract

The extrativist practice of brazilian farming cause soil degradation more than half of farming areas, and front of food production worldwide expressiveness from the country this production is below its potential. With the objective to solve this necessity of adoption of methods to recovery, conservation and intensification of production is immediate. The crop-livestock-forestry integration (iCLF) meets this propose, with the production in same area in intercrop, succession or rotation of these components, yet due to number of components in intercrop it's also complex and if poorly implanted promotes antgonism between the components. Therefore to promote the synergism is necessary information, above all about the forestry component due to permanence time in the system and their development in relation to the others. Thus the objective of this study was evaluate of three Eucalyptus spp., and spatial arrangement with single and triple row, and trees spaced in 1, 2 and 3 meters on performance of maize intercroped with Crotalaria Juncea to yield of corn grain, and maize silage yield intercrop with Marandu grass at 3 and 14 months of grow of trees, respectively. The experiment was developed on LATOSSOLO VERMELHO dystrophic. During 24 months was measured on trees the tree top area, height and diameter at breast height (DBH). In the first crop was evaluated the corn production and maize plant development and yield mass of legume thus this way too in the second crop but was quantified the maize silage yield. The experimental design was entirely casualized in factorial scheme with three factors, three eucalyptus species, two types of spatial arrangements and three densities (3x2x3) to forestry and first crop, in the second crop was added the factor distance from trees (3x2x3x3). To the trees was utilized the LSD test (p<0,05) and to the crops the Tukey test (p<0,05). Was observed the effect of deployment model on development of the three species, the I144 clone achieved higher performance, Corymbia citriodora the intermediary and the Eucalyptus cloeziana the smaller, in triple row arrangement and higher density ocurred superior area production, however smaller individual volume. The first crop was not influenced for no factor tested, but in the second those factors has influenced, with less yield when closer the tree rows.