Condição de gênero nas relações de trabalho em áreas de cultivo da cana-de-açucar,na região do Vale do São Patrício, Goiás

Abstract

This research was based on the condition of gender, in particular, referring to the political transformations of inclusion of women as an integral part of rights and duties, permeated by the equality between men and women, defined in the Constitution of the Federative Republic of Brazil of 1988 together with other infra-constitutional legislation. In this way, it was assumed that the basis that gender is a major factor for study in the face of so many inequalities experienced by women, and for the development of the current family nucleus. Our first objective was to study the working conditions of women in the cultivation of sugarcane, in the São Patrício Valley Region, in the Savanna of Goiás, as of 2005, presenting the main changes in the sugarcane agribusiness sector, from an economic and ecological perspective, as well as recognizing the working conditions of women, analyzing the actions or policies and the possibilities for improving women's work, inserted in this economic activity. The research took place with a bibliographic survey, world wide web websites, demographic and agricultural censuses, as well as a quantitative research of agricultural production by the National Supply Company (CONAB), Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), Mauro Borges Institute (IMB), Ministry of Agriculture and Supply (MAPA), Ministry of Agrarian Development (MDA), currently, Special Secretariat for Family Agriculture and Agrarian Development (Sead), the Sugarcane Industry Union (UNICA) and projects from the year 2005 up to 2018, with emphasis on the expansion process of this cultivation, as well as more emerging data from the mentioned process. These data received a qualitative and quantitative approach, with analysis and development of tables and graphs aided by cartography, seeking to represent the data related to the territorial arrangement of the analyzed region, to incentive programs for companies in the sugarcane agro industry sector and to the analysis of formal employment data, classified by gender, through the base data of the Annual List of Social Information (RAIS) and the General Register of Employed and Unemployed (CAGED), by the former Ministry of Labor and Employment (MTE). We could observe that the São Patrício Valley region is one of the main sugarcane production regions in the State where, with the increase in the use of machines in the production process, in addition to the rigidity of labor legislation for the rural sector, there was a significant reduction in workstations, both for the employment of men and women. In addition, women's work changed the current scenario, which was considered to be absolutely male, with municipalities where the participation of women reached 22%, in addition to encouraging specific actions of a company in the sugar-alcohol sector, in encouraging the training of women in the sector, aiming at improving labor relations. However, little progress has been made in relation to the problems faced by women workers, whether in terms of discrimination, lower wages, or sexual harassment, among others.