A Prática Experimental como Instrumento de Inclusão no Ensino de Física

Abstract

The number of students with special educational needs (SEN)enrolled in regular schools in Brazil has been increasing. However, true inclusion in the schoolcontext depends on daily practicesandattitudesthatrespect the uniquewayeachstudentlearns.Thus, it isessentialtodeveloppedagogicalandaccessibilityresourcesthatenable theinternalization of knowledge in today’sincreasinglydiverseclassrooms. In thisscenario,thisstudyinvestigatesandproposeshow the use of experimental practicecanprovidean inclusiveperspective toPhysicsteaching, with the overall objective of developing a multisensoryexperimental apparatusto make electrostaticslessons more engaging, immersive, and inclusive.For this, ourresearchwasstructured in the form of threescientificarticles: the firstoneaddresses,through a literature review, the development of inclusive education in Brazil, highlighting thetheoreticalcontributions of Lev Vygotsky; the secondpresentsanexperiencereport of ascientificexhibitionheldat a state school in Goiânia, whichemphasizes the benefits of usingexperimental practice as a teachingand learning strategy; and the thirdpresents the process ofdevelopingour educational product: a multisensoryelectronicelectroscope. The construction ofthe electroscopewasinspiredandsupportedby the concept of socialcompensationfromVygotsky's cultural-historicaltheory, particularly in hisstudies in Defectology,whichstresses the importance of offeringalternativewaystoaccessknowledge. Additionally, itaimedto materialize the principles of Universal Design for Learning (UDL), with the goal ofequippingPhysicsteachers with a didacticresourcethat makes certainphenomenaandconceptsof electrostaticsaccessibletoall students. Thisapparatusalsodrawsupon the multisensoryapproach developedby Camargo, seen as a successful path for building inclusive didactic tools.Therefore, the focusistoencouragecontinuousreflection on the needtoaddress educationaldemandsthat are oftenneglectedandtoensure school inclusion through the use ofappropriatedidacticpracticesandresources.