Expansão da cana-de-açúcar no município de Quirinópolis/GO entre 2005 e 2020 : elementos para uma análise da paisagem

Abstract

With the help of the State, there was a huge demand for ethanol since the beginning of the 2000s; sugar and alcohol companies expanded and appropriated themselves from spaces to form new production chains. In this context, from 2005 on, the municipality of Quirinópolis/GO became the stage for this expansion and had its socioeconomic and productive dynamics completely transformed. This work searched to understand the dynamics of this expansion in the municipality of Quirinópolis GO betwee n 2005 and 2020, and to identify factors that contributed to this process, as well as the consequences resulting from it. The methodology was developed through a broad bibliographic review and by the use of Geoprocessing, with the compilation of informatio n from government databases and from several institutions that deal with the subject. The elaboration of the discussions and results were centered on the understanding and analysis of all the material produced and the literature on the subject. The sugar a nd alcohol agribusiness was attracted by favorable soil and climate conditions, besides other advantages and financial and fiscal support from the State and Municipality, resulting in changes in land use and coverage due to the expansion of the cultivation of the sugarcane raw material. In this sense, the municipality had its space refunctionalized around sugarcane activities, with a gradual increase in sugarcane productive areas by more than 200% in the period analyzed, advancing on spaces previously desti ned for traditional activities in the area, such as pastures, soybeans, corn, sorghum and other temporary crops. The environmental problems caused by the expansion of sugarcane involve burning, use of pesticides, water pollution, silting of rivers, soil co mpression, among others. The socioeconomic dynamics surrounding the advent of sugar and alcohol brought a series of changes, among the main ones being population growth, which led to an increase in social demands and overburdened public services, requiring expansion of infrastructure to accommodate this contingent. On the other hand, the presence of sugar and alcohol industries increased tax collection, improved family income with greater job opportunities, and was reflected in the growth of the municipalit y's HDI.