Diversidade de formigas epigéicas em fragmentos de Floresta Estacional Semidecidual e agroecossistemas adjacentes de milho e soja, no município de Ipameri-GO

Abstract

The increasing expansion of agricultural and livestock activities in the midwestern region of Brazil has promoted the rapid fragmentation of its native forests. Thus, what is observed today, in the region of southeastern state of Goiás, is a landscape composed of mosaics of forest patches amidst large areas of monoculture soybean and corn in rotation. Infer the environmental quality of the remainder of these fragmented landscapes and as the surrounding areas with agricultural crops threaten biodiversity of these sites is of fundamental importance to propose measures for its preservation, as well as serve as a proposition to preserve considerably larger areas. In our work as bioindicator of environmental quality, we analyzed the structure of the community epigaeic ants present in three fragments of semideciduous forest and also in the vicinity of those fragments, in a traditionally agricultural area, located in the municipality of Ipameri, GO. Sampling of formicídeos was performed at two different times, one when the surrounding matrix of fragment area was occupied by soybeans and the next, when this same matrix surrounding area was occupied by corn in rotation. For each of these situations, two collections were performed. The formicídeos were captured in the innermost region of the fragment (core) in the area of crop and, in the transition region of these environments (ecotono). The traps were the soil, pitfall type, distributed along two parallel transect each other at a distance of 25 m, 25 m each trap spaced apart from one another. For each sampled environment (core area of agricultural ecotono and culture), we used 16 traps. In total, 46 species of ants belonging to 14 genera were captured. The genera were captured predominantly Pheidole and Camponotus. The fragment size did not influence the species richness of ants, regardless of whether the fragment had in his surroundings, a maize or soybean. Similarly, for the whole (core, ecotono and surrounding matrix - corn or soybeans) of each fragment, also does not difference in wealth formicídeos for three distinct fragments reviews notes. As a rule, the richness of ants was different for core and matrix ecotono around for the three fragments and environs. However, the FES fragment size smaller areas rich core are similar in ants.