Revestimentos de Aloe barbadensis Miller aplicados na conservação pós-colheita da mangaba e tomate cereja

Abstract

The mangaba Hancornia Spceciosa var. speciosa and tomato Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme are fruits that have a high respiration rate, which significantly contributes to their nutritional and microbiological deterioration, resulting in a reduction in their post-harvest life. To prolong the storage period of these fruits, it is necessary to use conservation techniques that interfere with physiological processes, reducing transpiration and respiration rates. Thus, the objective was to evaluate different coatings of extracts of Aloe barbadensis Miller in the post- harvest conservation of mangaba cultivar H. speciosa and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) checking if there is synergy between the different coatings and immersion times in the post- harvest parameters. -harvest. Thus, for the two experiments, a completely randomized design (DIC) was used, in a 5x3x6 triple factorial scheme, the first factor being composed of five extracts of A. barbadensis ([pure gel (100% gel), 25:75 (gel: water), 50:50 (gel: water), 75:25 (gel: water), and 1% ethanolic extract]), the second factor composed of three immersion times of the fruits in the aforementioned extracts of A. barbadensis (2 minutes, 5 minutes and 8 minutes), and the third factor composed of the days of post-harvest analysis (0, 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20 days). In the first experiment, the coated mangabas were stored in a B.O.D (Biochemical Oxygen Demand) incubator at 5±0.5oC and 65±5% relative humidity for 20 days of storage. The fruits were analyzed for: mass loss, post-harvest conservation, skin firmness (FC), pulp firmness (FP), soluble solids (SS), titratable acidity (AT), maturation index (IM), color (L*, °Hue and Chroma), antioxidant activity by ABTS and DPPH methods, total extractable polyphenols (PET) and vitamin C for the first experiment. For the second experiment, the fruits were evaluated for: mass loss, post-harvest conservation, skin firmness (FC), pulp firmness (FP), soluble solids (SS), titratable acidity (AT), maturation index (IM), coloring (L*, °Hue and Chroma), antioxidant activity by ABTS and DPPH methods, total extractable polyphenols (PET), vitamin C, chlorophyll (a and b), carotenoids, lycopene and beta-carotene. Data from both experiments were submitted to permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) (p≤0.05) and, demonstrated by means of a similarity dendrogram by the clustering method and principal component analysis (PCA), using the R program, version 4.2.0. There was a significant interaction for the three factors and, therefore, they were studied together. For the first experiment, the treatments formed 6 groups, according to the similarities of their behavior through the variables. In relation to ACP, among the extracts and immersion times, the extracts with the highest percentages of Aloe barbadensis Miller gel combined with immersion times of 2 and 8 minutes showed satisfactory results regarding the conservation of antioxidant activity. For the second experiment, the treatments formed 5 groups, according to the similarities in their behavior. In relation to ACP, among the extracts and immersion times, the highest percentages of Aloe barbadensis Miller gel combined with immersion times of 2 and 8 minutes showed satisfactory results in terms of conservation of antioxidant activity and, mainly, by the skin firmness, presenting an interesting commercial characteristic for fruits destined for fresh consumption, and being one of the most important quality indicators demanded by the consumer.