O processo de modernização da agricultura em Goiás : a terra como fonte de riqueza e sua dinâmica produtiva (1960-2017)

Abstract

The study proposed in this dissertation is based on the analysis of the dynamics of modernization of agricultural activity in the main municipalities producing temporary crops in the southern region of Goiás. The state of Goiás has a considerable participation in the national production, mainly of temporary crops, sugar, soy and corn. In turn, the southern Goian mesoregion has an increasing productive expressiveness. Given the above, the following problem emerges: since the economy of the southern region of Goiás has become more dynamic due to agricultural activity, and this has boosted industry and services, what were the main factors that led to the modernization of agriculture in the main municipalities of southern Goiania from 1960? The general objective of this work is to characterize the modernization of agriculture in selected municipalities in the state of Goiás, in order to demonstrate, in each selected location, the most intensely associated elements. The factor analysis employed generated two factors with eigenvalues greater than 1. The total explained by the first two factors is 70.969%. Factor 1 is correlated with all the variables that hold the amplitude of the use of agricultural instruments and, consequently, of soil cultivation methods. Factor 2 is correlated with all variables that hold the intensity of the use of financial and capital resources. The process of modernization of agriculture in Itumbiara was guided both by the use of machines and productive instruments (factor 1) and by investments in fixed capital and the application of resources (factor 2). In Quirinópolis the process was analogous. Rio Verde was the municipality in which agriculture was most closely linked to fixed capital investments. Jataí presented a median relationship with factors 1 and 2, as well as Catalão. Goiatuba and Santa Helena de Goiás settled in the border region for the observation of intense connection with both factor 1 and factor 2