Conservação em Diorama, estado de Goiás : percepção dos Pequenos e médios produtores rurais sobre a flora ripária e mapeamento da vegetação nativa

Abstract

This work investigated the perception on riparian vegetation of small and medium - sized rural producers in the municipality of Diorama, in the state of Goiás, besides evaluating the vegetation cover and the land use of the municipality, in a temporal scale of 30 years. Data collection included semi- structured interviews with the selection of informants (interviewees) from the rural area. The socioeconomic characterization of the interviewees was analyzed from descriptive statistics, and qualitative data with tables of cognitive comparison and relative frequency of responses. A consensus analysis was used to investigate the level of agreement between respondents. Questions regarding the perception and attitudes of the interviewees on the use and conservation of riparian vegetation were scored after analyzing the content of the responses. The 30 rural producers interviewed showed a long period of living there, all of them living in the rural area. Many plant species (61) and animals (69) have been reported in the riparian forest. The interviewees stated that they use wood, medicinal and ornamental plants, besides fishing, hunting sporadically in the riparian forest, always for their own consumption. Riparian vegetation is also used for leisure. Concern has been shown to conserve riparian vegetation so as not to reduce the amount of water from the springs. The interviewees also noticed significant changes in the landscape in the last years due to the greater deforestation with the arrival of soybean mechanized agriculture in the municipality. All claim knowledge of riparian vegetation protection laws, although most do not demonstrate detailed knowledge of the legislation. Landsat 5 and 8 satellite images from 1985 to 2015 were used to characterize the vegetation cover and land use, applying the procedures of composition of the RGB bands, supervised classification, classification evaluation and data analysis. The classification resulted in a vegetation cover map composed of three classes: Cerrado, others (agriculture, pasture, exposed soil, burning, etc.) and water bodies. The Cerrado occupied in 1985, 52% of the municipal landscape, reducing to 32% in 2015. The anthropic landscape, classified as others, went from 46% to 67%, demonstrating a significant use of land in Diorama in the last thirty years.