Atributos químicos em solo sob deposição de resíduos sólidos urbanos no município de Jaraguá-Goiás

Abstract

The proper destination of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) has been the subject of numerous discussions, not only among scholars in the area, but also in public policies, seeking ways that can reduce the environmental impacts arising from the bad final destination of this waste, which affect not only the soils where they are deposited, as well as they can contaminate surface and underground waters, being agents of pollution of the environment, affecting quality of life and health of the people under its influence. Thus, the objective of this research was to evaluate the physical-chemical characteristics of the soil, and possible contamination by polluting metals in a final destination of Municipal Solid Waste in the city of Jaraguá- Goiás. The sampling arrangement was defined in a 3x3 scheme, with three soil coverings (L - dump, M - upstream, J - downstream) and three depths (2, 4 and 6m). The following physical- chemical parameters of the soil were evaluated: texture, pH, organic matter, CTC, Ca, Mg, P, K and the polluting metals (Cd, Pb, Cu, Cr, Fe, Mn, Zn). The data were submitted to descriptive statistical analysis, principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis by dendogram, using Microsoft Office Excel® and R software, for the described variables. The results indicated that the samples from the MSW deposition site analyzed are not contaminated, considering the limits established by CONAMA, CETESB and COPAM, however, these values showed a significant difference between the samples from the landfill compared to the samples upstream and downstream of the same. Parameters such as Ca, Mg, K, Fe, Cr, Cu, Mn and pH were significant in the landfill samples, while Pb, P and Zn obtained higher levels in the upstream points. It is concluded that, despite not reaching the established limits, the data demonstrate that the soils in the landfill region showed physical- chemical characteristics that indicate a trend of soil contamination under the influence of the deposition of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW).