Fundos de financiamento da educação : municipalização das escolas públicas de ensino fundamental em Goiatuba/GO (1983-2019)

Abstract

When we observe that the organization of education in Brazil must be carried out in collaboration between the Union, the states, the federal district and the municipalities in compliance with the legislation, we refer to the question that there is no national education system in our country but rather, the organization of education systems in a relatively autonomous way. Our research universe, in addition to the discussions on the collaborative relationship between the Union, states, municipalities and their legal prerogatives, considering the funding of education, which contributed to the process of municipalization of Elementary Education, unfolds in the investigation of the opening and closing schools in Goiatuba/GO, highlighting the variation in the number of class/student enrollments, with a view to pointing out the existence and concentration of urban schools in that municipality. From the perspective of undertaking the research, we investigated whether the historical process of municipalization of education, driven by the installation of the Fund for the Maintenance and Development of Elementary Education and the Valorization of Teaching (FUNDEF), contributed to the concentration of school units in urban areas, as well as as for the increase (or not) of the average number of students per class in the schools of Goiatuba/GO. Our methodological option to guide the investigations and analyzes of the present research focus on bibliographic and documentary research, since they allow the researcher to clarify the technical and formal procedures that must be used in the process of scientific investigation of the facts, allowing the examination to beyond the rules of explanation of the facts and their historical validity. The official documents used in the investigation process were made available by the Municipal Department of Education of Goiatuba/GO and in the development of the research we analyzed specific documents from each school in Goiatuba, essential to identify their organization, in order to quantify and collect the elements that say respect to the local educational context. We conclude that the education financing funds (FENDEF and FUNDEB) contributed substantially to both the municipalization of Elementary Education and its maintenance.