Caminhos entrepostos: o crescimento econômico de Anápolis/GO sob a ótica da localização

Abstract

This research proposes a theoretical approach regarding the economic formation of Annapolis, emphasizing the influence of its geographical location on its growth. Located in the central region of Goias, Annapolis had its economy driven initially by agriculture, whose income ensured the formation of its productive bases, in addition to becoming attractive to other agents of transformation. As the sectors of its economy were being structured, due to the incorporation of these new agents (migration, immigration, railroad, industry, etc.), there were changes in their relations at the regional level. Still in the first half of the twentieth century, agriculture, expressive in the Center-South region, since the decline of the auriferous economy, was enhanced with the arrival of the railroad, which brought labor, established new demands for consumption, sophisticated the system logistics, allowing greater fluidity for the flow of its production. In addition to shortening the distances, the railroad accentuated the profits from exports, by reducing transportation costs, valuing land ownership and, finally, establishing its multiplier on urban economic activities. The second half of the twentieth century was marked by numerous changes, both in the territory and in the municipality's economic profile, in a kind of cause and effect relationship. At the core of this process, the emancipations of their former districts are highlighted, which took with them important areas of cultivation, preventing an immediate reorganization of agriculture, which, in turn, was at a disadvantage in the regional dispute with the Goias National Agricultural Colony (CANG). During this period, the city behaved as a central place, facing the regional commercial polygon, offering complementary services and, at the same time, obtaining material conditions that enabled the consolidation of industrial activity in its domains. According to the documents of the Government of the State of Goias, the location had been placed at the center of the debate, inaugurated from the public industrialization policies of the 1960s. In this context, Annapolis placed itself at the center of the dispute for the condition of seat of regional industrial activity, both for its location, naturally privileged, and for the historical legacy of its economy over the old region of Mato Grosso of Goias. In order to better understand the geographical location, as a growth factor, and demonstrate its importance in the formation and composition of the Annapolis economy, the following procedures were adopted: a) bibliographic survey about the formation and location of Annapolis; b) survey of documentary sources to support the historical experience of the municipality at different times in its economy; c) review of the theory of location, development and regional growth, with an emphasis on agriculture and industry; d) survey of secondary data, related to the development and growth of the municipality. The sum of these procedures enabled the identification of the presence of the debate involving the location of Annapolis, in its most remote origins, thus allowing linearity in the analysis. In addition, the main obstacles that had restricted its economy on different occasions were identified, which were also related to its location. Finally, it was possible to identify the factors responsible for ensuring its performance and permanence as the most prosperous city in the interior of Goias, from its emancipation to the present day.