Eficiência nutricional em cultivares de feijão comum aos principais macronutrientes

Abstract

The common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) is one of the most cultivated species in the world. Brazil is a major producer of this grain that is the Brazilian food base. However, the national average productivity is still much lower than expected. Some factors are responsible for this: inadequate management of soil nutrients and the use of non-adapted cultivars for each region. Therefore, it is necessary to identify efficient and responsive cultivars to more nutrients used by the crop nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Thus, the objective of this study was to identify cultivars and pre-commercial strains of efficient and responsive common bean to nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. We performed three experiments, one for each of the nutrients. The experimental design was the same for the three studies, a randomized block design in a factorial design with three replications of eleven cultivars and four doses of N and P (0, 53, 106, 160 kg ha-1 of N and P2O5) and K (0, 47, 94, 140 kg ha-1 of K2O). For the three experiments, the analyzed variable was grain yield and interpretation of the data was performed by analysis of variance with the help of SISVAR computer program. The classification of varieties was performed by the method proposed by Gerloff (1977). We observed genetic diversity being cultivars for all nutrients, identify cultivars efficient and responsive to N, P and K, under full and partial stress of nutrients. The BRS Agreste, BRS Cometa, BRS Style, BRS Notável and BRS Pontal were efficient to full and partial stress, with the highest yields. Cultivar Pérola stood out by presenting responsiveness for all nutrients, it is indicated mainly for producers with advanced technological level. The BRS Estilo stood out as efficient and responsive to N, P and K, covering all technological levels of cultivation.