Uso do solo e decorrentes impactos ambientais nas subbacias hidrográficas que drenam a área urbana e seu entorno, Morrinhos, GO

Abstract

Water is a source of life, as it is an essential natural resource for maintaining life on Earth. Brazil is a privileged country with a large amount of fresh water in its territory. However, the misuse of this natural resource, mainly, has caused serious environmental problems. The loss of biodiversity must be considered one of these problems, since the changes carried out in an unbridled manner by man, aiming at maximizing profits, for the possession of the territory and the valorization of spaces, among them the urban expansion, have caused the loss of preservation areas. permanent, extinction and contamination of water courses, and soil waterproofing. Based on this premise, this research aimed to identify and diagnose the environmental impacts and illicit activities existing on the banks of Cordeiro, Pipoca and Maria Lucinda streams, resulting from unplanned urban growth in Morrinhos, Goiás. It consists of three chapters in article format scientific. The first chapter makes a bibliographic review, with an approach on water, discussing hydrographic basins and the environmental impacts and the evolution of Brazilian environmental legislation. The second chapter covers a compilation of data from the main authors on the historical formation process of Morrinhos and the reflexes of its economic, urban and demographic growth, with an analysis of the types of land uses in three periods. The historical method was used to understand the construction of the municipality, as well as the field research and the making of maps. The third chapter analyzes the physical-chemical quality of the water in the referred streams at three different points (upstream, middle and downstream). The results obtained in the three chapters allow us to conclude that the different types of land uses have negatively affected the water bodies that make up the municipality of Morrinhos, due to the chemical changes and the suppression of the riparian vegetation that accompanied these streams.