Manejo, extrativismo, morfometria e aspectos edáficos relacionados ao buriti (Mauritia flexuosa L. f.(Arecaceae)) em veredas do cerrado do sul goiano

Abstract

The veredas are wet savannas present in phytogeographical domain of the Cerrado biome, formed by two strata: herbaceous and continuous sub-shrub, which occupies most part of the area, and other tree and shrub with plenty of M. flexuosa individuals distributed in a scattered way. Besides the significant environmental contribution, the buriti tree has potential and very promising socio-economic opportunities, which have to be valued in the country. In this context, this study aimed to: a) make an analysis related to social and economic aspects of extraction of M. flexuosa L. f., in order to highlight the diversity of uses and its importance as an environmental support and appreciation of local knowledge, as well as economic importance for traditional communities ; b) present an approach to the extraction and sustainable management of the buriti tree, showing this palm as an important source of resource for the cultural and economic development in the regions of the Cerrado; c) to analyze the context for the use and occupation of the Cerrado, the main motivation of a loss and alteration of wetlands, with emphasis on the environment paths and highlighting a few strategies for conservation initiatives; d) evaluate the biometric characteristics of grapes, ripe and seeds fruits and compare the behavior of the data, according to the kind of location zone in the southern Cerrado veredas of the State of Goias e) analyze the vereadas soils of Goiás south Cerrado and verify if there is a relationship between soil factors and the production of the fruits of M. flexuosa. The study was conducted in five anthropic veredas, sited in southern Goiás. For the morphometric characterization of fruits and seeds were collected fifteen Buriti bunches, three in each vereda (one in the edge zone, middle and bottom). For each bunch were randomly taken 50 fruits to be evaluated, totaling 750 fruits. The length (in longitudinal direction) and the thickness (in cross direction) of fruits, and seeds were determined with manual caliper. Were checked individually with digital analytical scale, the weight of fruit, pulp, bark, seeds and cored. For the soil analysis, a sample of 0.0 to 0.2 m depth in each area of all veredas studied was collected.The analyzes were performed in the laboratory and then the results were correlated from the edaphic characteristics to buritis productivity in these areas. Through statistical tests it was found that no uniformity exists of morphometric variables fruit and seeds in the areas seen by the high variation of the measures analyzed. It was found that the bottom of veredas soil is less similar to the other areas and that the veredas own edaphic characteristics (organic matter, potassium, phosphorus) specific, which distinguish one area from another. Among the physical and chemical elements that correlate with fruit yield are organic matter, Fe, CTC, silt, sand, Cu and Zn.