Comportamento de diferentes cultivares de soja no oeste de Goiás

Abstract

Soy (Glycine max (L) Merrill) is the main vegetable cultivated in the national territory and in the world, with high performance in agribusiness, responsible for supplying the domestic market and generating surpluses destined for international supply, in order to consolidate the country as a one of the main suppliers. The objective of this work was to evaluate the agronomic performance of commercial soybean varieties launched for the 2022/2023 harvest, in the municipality of Palmeiras de Goiás, Goiás. The experimental trial was carried out in the field, conducted in a randomized block design (DBC), with seven cultivars (B43, DM 69IX6912X, Olimpo, TMG 2279, FT 3165, STINE 77EA40 and M7601) and four replications. Each experimental plot consisted of five rows of 4 m and with row spacing of 0.5m. The experimental test area was 16 x 38 m, totaling 608 m². To evaluate agronomic performance, the following characters were evaluated: percentage of emergence (PE), grain productivity (PROD), number of pods per plant (NVP), number of grains per plant (NGP), weight of 100 grains (P100 ), plant height (ALT), leaf area (FA), leaf concentrations of chlorophylls (Cl a+b) and total carotenoids (CARAT). The data were subjected to analysis of variance and comparison of means using the Tukey test, at 5% probability, using the R software. The cultivars were grouped by the agglomerative method, using the Mahalanobis matrix. The ANOVA results showed significant differences (P < 0.05) between cultivars for the variables: PE, CLA, CLT, PROD, P100, NGP, ALT and AF. However, no significant differences were found for the variable chlorophyll B content (CLB), CARAT and AF. The soybean cultivars evaluated had similar technical descriptions in terms of resistance and productivity, however, in the 2022/2023 harvest, in the municipality of Palmeiras de Goiás, the cultivar FT 3165 showed greater productivity, when compared to the others, proving to be the most adapted for this region. Although, all cultivars evaluated presented a productivity below the national average obtained for the 2022/2023 harvest, which is probably related to climatic conditions, such as the dry spell that occurred shortly after planting.