Resíduos de antibiótico em leite cru: ocorrência e principais grupos utilizados

Abstract

Milk and dairy products are components of the diet of over six billion people worldwide. It is mentioned that several factors can impact the quality of milk and, consequently, its derivatives. Among these factors, the occurrence of antibiotic residues in milk stands out. Thus, the first chapter aimed to present a narrative literature review about the occurrence of antibiotic residues in various regions of Brazil, as well as to describe the damages caused to human health and the losses caused in the dairy products industry. It was observed that antimicrobial residues can affect human health in immunopathological aspects, hypersensitivity reactions, toxicological, carcinogenic and mutagenic actions, and microbiological, increasing bacterial resistance. In the dairy industry, the presence of antimicrobial residues in milk can generate undesirable microbiological effects in dairy production by inhibiting bacterial flora such as interference with the organoleptic and technological characteristics of industrialized dairy products, causing considerable economic losses. It was noted that the occurrence of antibiotic residues in milk and derivatives in Brazil, according to studies, is variable, with results ranging from absent to a significant number of positive samples of 67.8%. These data become worrying considering the damage to public health and the productive chain. In the second chapter, an article was produced entitled: antibiotic residues in milk - occurrence and main groups used, which was proposed with the objective of verifying the presence of antibiotic residues in milk and the groups used by milk producers from municipalities in the Midwest Goiano. A total of 439 milk samples were analyzed, using the IDEXX SNAPduo ST Plus, from 147 milk producers. A survey was also carried out on the antimicrobials used in the main pathologies of the dairy herd. Of the 439 samples studied, 3 (0.68%) were positive for the presence of antibiotics. It was observed that the owners do not know the antibiotics by the name of the active principle but by the commercial name, the prescription is still made mostly by sellers of agricultural stores. Beta-lactam antimicrobials, tetracyclines, and aminoglycosides were the standout groups. The identified compounds should be prioritized in the monitoring of veterinary drug residues in milk in the region.