Urbanização e vulnerabilidade social : a evolução da população em situação de rua nos municípios goianos entre 2012 e 2021

Abstract

It is in the genealogy of the productio n of urban space and urbanisation that it is possible to understand the patterns of contemporary social construction, the contradictions and inequalities that manifest themselves in the urban landscape in the concrete form of this process, the city. The in cidence of homeless people in contemporary cities expresses in the urban landscape the unequal dimension in which the development of society has taken place and as a social phenomenon expresses the maxim of the social question in a capitalist society. By p roblematising and understanding the socio spatial dynamics of the homeless population in the state of Goiás between 2012 and 2021, it is possible to say that this social phenomenon, once characteristic of large urban centres and metropolitan regions, is un dergoing a process of internalisation in urban areas of municipalities with low demographic standards. Política Nacional para a População em Situação de Rua (Decreto nº7.053/2009) understands the homeless population as a heterogeneous group of people who s hare extreme poverty, broken or weakened ties, and who use public places and degraded areas as a place to live and make a living. The correlation between urbanisation, urban poverty, social vulnerability and socio spatial inequalities is characterised by t hree methodological approaches: thematic, spatial and temporal. The thematic delimitation understands urbanisation in peripheral capitalist spaces, such as Brazil, as unequal and accelerated, which results in social problems in the city. Urban poverty mani fests itself in different spatial forms under the aegis of the capitalist mode of production, relating to the debate on social vulnerability as a weakening of basic rights, the precariousness and dismantling of services and social protection. The focus on housing, sanitation and work/income summarises the inequalities highlighted and amplified by the health and humanitarian crisis caused by COVID 19. Here we see that social ills, such as inequality and marginalisation, are distributed and naturalised socio spatially throughout Brazil. The homeless population is a marginalised dimension in Brazil's official statistics, with only homeless people/families registered through the Cadastro Único and the Censo SUAS Sistema Único de Assistência Social , which exclu des a large number of individuals from this social group. This means that the national legislation on the homeless population adhered is arbitrarily to by the federal and municipal units. In this sense, from a regional perspective, the state of Goiás has b een showing an interstate migratory balance. With significant population growth and the modernisation of production activities linked to agribusiness, inland municipalities are taking on urban characteristics. In the process, they have taken on problems th at are characteristic of urban environments. The period between 2012 and 2021 for the statistical survey shows, from a macro view of the socio economic characteristics of the state of Goiás , the timid inclusion of data on the homeless population. Even thou gh there was a significant increase of 2,237 new homeless families, with a balance of 101 new municipalities registered in the period analysed. Although the Cadastro Único allows people to join and access social programmes, especially housing programmes demonstrating its significant importance as a diagnostic tool for public authorities is not excluded the need for a national census of the homeless population. Finally, this research deals with secondary and documentary data sources, technical studies an d reports. The information was mapped using Qgis geotechnology.