O significado social do lambdacismo na fala de imigrantes haitianos em Aparecida de Goiânia - GO

Abstract

This research addresses the speech of Haitian immigrants in Aparecida de Goiânia-Goiás, focusing on the alternation of /r/ and /l/ in words such as 'brasileiro/blasileiro' and 'trabalho/tlabalho'. The general objective is to verify the correlation of this phenomenon with the cultural hybridization of immigrants in the process of acquisition of the Brazilian Portuguese (hereinafter PB). In addition, it is intended to reflect on the linguistic contact of BP with Haitian Creole in order to elucidate the phenomenon of lambdacism and to verify whether the Haitian immigrant in an interview situation behaves in a monitored manner to the point of not presenting the phenomenon of lambdacism studied in the BP's speech. In this way, it will be possible to reflect on the contact between the PB languages and Haitian Creole and its possible influence on the use of lambdacism by the speakers in question. As we can see through the following examples: “Tem muito haitiano imigrante, mesmo jeito comigo que molar aqui, tlanquilo” and “É calo [...] não é só no meu bairro não, acho que todo lugar no Blasil, hehehe”. The theoretical foundation is based on Sociolinguistics, supported by the studies of Eckert (2012), Labov (2008), Barreto; Massini-Cagliari (2020) and Costa (2006). The corpus on which this study is based consists of recordings collected from six adult Haitian immigrants, all male, members of a community of Christian practices, composed exclusively of Haitians, in the Expansul neighborhood. Semi-structured sociolinguistic interviews were conducted with Haitians belonging to a community of Christian practices in Aparecida de Goiânia-Goiás, in the metropolitan region of Goiânia. Prior to the recording of the interviews, participant observation was carried out in the community of practices under study, in order to weave ethnographic explanations about the non-standard variant. Then, at a later time, the interviews were recorded and the data were analyzed quantitatively. The occurrences extracted from the corpus were coded and submitted to statistical treatment in the GoldVarb X program, in order to ensure greater robustness and precision in the analysis of the results, and 1094 occurrences of the non-standard variant were computed in the speech of the Haitian participants. In the study, linguistic variables, preceding context of the rhotic in the syllable with consonants and vowels; structure of the syllabic attack and complex; presence or absence of another liquid segment in the word; sonority of the previous segment; syllable stress and syllable position with complex attack. As social or extralinguistic variables, we considered: length of stay in Aparecida de Goiânia-Goiás; desire to return to Haiti; proficiency in the Spanish language and age group. We found that the social meaning of lambdacismo in the speech of Haitian immigrants refers to their connection with their homeland, as well as the maintenance of habits that allude to their place of origin. It is intended that the results of the research can contribute to the debate about BP as a host language and to anti-racist linguistic beliefs and attitudes.