Programa de coleta seletiva em Goiás (GO) : dos desafios em sua implantação à sensibilização ambiental da população

Abstract

In the capitalist production system, consumerism is constantly encouraged, and one of the consequences is the generation of solid waste, the volume of which has increased dramatically every year. This solid waste has been responsible for numerous environmental, social and economic impacts around the world, hence the concern of scholars and organized civil society on the subject. In Brazil, although the National Solid Waste Policy has represented progress, we are still far from a solution to the problem, one of the reasons is that municipalities have not yet managed to implement this public policy. In this context, selective collection is one of the viable alternatives to avoid wasting natural goods, minimize the impacts caused, and when carried out in the framework of the solidarity economy, it can generate work and income for people who derive their livelihood from recyclables. This research proposes to understand the challenges in implementing the Selective Collection Program in the city of Goiás, focusing on household waste, as well as evaluating an environmental awareness action, so that the population has a more effective and permanent participation in the Program. The research carried out is bibliographic, documentary and field. In the theoretical review, a survey and review was carried out based on some thematic axes such as: Consumerism, Environmental Education, Selective Collection, Management and Management of Household Solid Waste. To understand the implementation process of the Selective Collection Program, documentary research was carried out using documents from the Recicla Goiás collective, the Recicla Tudo cooperative and the Municipal Secretariat for the Environment and other sectors of the Municipal Government of Goiás. Field research was carried out with interviews with the coordinator of Coletivo Recicla Goiás, with the former Secretary of the Environment and with members of Cooperativa Recicla Tudo. The latter also participated in another interview to evaluate the short-term results of the environmental awareness action. This Environmental Education action was carried out, door to door, in five neighborhoods in the municipality of Goiás (Dom Bosco, Jardim Vila Boa, Sul, Vila Isabel and Vila União), with the aim of improving the population's participation in selective collection. First, however, we monitored one of the collection routes and weighed the recyclables collected over a month. We also carried out a diagnostic interview with the population, to assess their participation and possible doubts in separating recyclables. These steps were important to support the Environmental Education action carried out in the neighborhoods.