Variabilidade espacial dos índices vegetativos, atributos físico-químicos do solo e produtividades na sucessão das culturas do tomate industrial (Solanum lycopersicum L.) e da soja (Glycine max L.)

Abstract

Agriculture has become one of the most competitive commercial activities, with the Midwest region among the main food producers in the country, with emphasis on the production of industrial tomato and soybean. The use of precision agriculture (AP) allows establishing spatial relationships between vegetative indexes and soil attributes with crop productivity, providing differentiated management alternatives according to area. The objective of this work was to evaluate the spatial variability of vegetative indexes, physical-chemical attributes and productivity in the succession of the industrial tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) and soybean (Glycine max L.) crops. The work was performed out in the farm Barcelos located in the city of Anápolis, GO, in a commercial area of 110 ha. Were evaluated the vegetative indexes, characterized by the reading of Soil Plant Analysis Development (SPAD) index, leaf nitrogen content by the Kjeldahl method, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) by spectroradiometer and NDVI by satellite images and the productivity of the industrial tomato in the 2017 harvest, the values of sand and clay were also evaluated, for the attributes soil chemicals were used for Ca, Mg and CEC and soybean yields were evaluated in the 2016/2017 and 2017/2018 harvests. The results showed that the temporal variability between the vegetative indexes and the leaf nitrogen content indicated that the initial flowering stage (53 DAT) showed the highest correlation with the productivity of the industrial tomato. the maps with productivity of soybean in the two years of harvest, categorical classification maps and the temporal variability map for soybean yield were constructed. The class map for temporal productivity of soybean allowed to identify that 23,55% of the area presented low productivity and 53,80% with average productivity. The evaluation of class maps for variability of productivity of soybean allowed us to identify that in the first year there were 21,69% of the area as high productivity and in the second year with 23,46%, showing a reduction of regions with low productivity.