Agaricales (Basidiomycota) do Brasil : diversidade, distribuição e conservação

Abstract

In Brazil all families of Agaricales occur, naturally or introduced, with 138 genera and 923 species. This represents about 27% of the world's diversity of genera and 5% of species in this order. In this context, this study analyzes the distribution of the diversity of Agaricales in Brazil, aiming to assess aspects of species such as diversity, distribution in the states of the federative unit, substrate, phytophysiognomies, endemism and threat status, through a data compilation of literature. The review was based on scientific articles available in the Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Academic Google, State of the World's Fungi Magazine 2018, ResearchGate, Web of Science and Scopus, and information from the Reflora database. Among the 923 species of Agaricales registered in the Brazilian territory, 838 are native and 85 naturalized. Of this total, 83% are registered as unknown, 15% are listed as nonendemic and 2% are endemic to Brazil. Marasmiellus (116 spp.) and Lepiota (113 spp.) are the most diverse genera, with 12.6% and 12.2% of the total species, respectively. The greatest variety of genres appears in the states of São Paulo (88), Rio Grande do Sul (75) and Paraná (70). Most are distributed in the phytogeographic domains of the Atlantic Forest (518 spp.) and Amazon (133). Most species (177 spp.) were sampled in vegetation types Ombrophilous Forest (= Rain Forest), Cerrado (sensu lato) (32), anthropogenic areas (29) and Restinga (21). Regarding the substrate, most of Agaricales are found in soil (222 spp.), followed by leaf litter (164) and decaying trunk (163). As for life forms, most species are saprobic (455 spp.). Based on the data obtained, seven species were selected in a proposal to be included in the red list of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN), as they are considered rare and are in highly threatened ecosystems.