A formação do professor/pedagogo e o ensino de ciências nos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental: estratégias pedagógicas com foco na abordagem sobre microrganismos

Abstract

The present work is the result of a research oriented on two aspects: the formation of the Teacher / Pedagogue that teaches Natural Sciences in the initial years of the Elementary School; and the search for didactic-pedagogical alternatives and methodologies that can collaborate with the teaching-learning process in a significant way, focusing on microorganisms. The teacher / pedagogue is the professional who presents himself as the mediator of knowledge, prepared to teach in Early Childhood Education and in the initial years of Elementary Education, which demands of this professional in his training the theoretical-methodological elements to teach in the areas of knowledge that will be present in the contents of the curricula of these segments. The work methodology provided documentary analysis of the menus of the Pedagogy course of a Public Institution of Higher Education in the state of Goiás, which had some relation with the teaching of natural sciences, questionnaires for identification and analysis of the performance of the teachers / pedagogues of the network municipal education in a municipality in the interior of Goiás, continuing education courses in the education of Sciences and development of paradidic materials with an approach on microorganisms. The theoretical framework that assisted in the studies is related to the theme teacher training for science teaching in the initial years of Elementary Education, Science Teaching through Research and Significant Learning. Highlighting the studies of the PCN's BNCC), authors such as Carvalho, Libâneo and Vygotsky, which point out the specificities of Science Teaching in the initial years of Elementary Education and the 6

teacher training that will teach in this educational phase. Divided into four chapters, the first seeks to investigate the training for science teaching in the initial years of EF in a course of Pedagogy of a public university in the state of Goiás, raising some questions and discussions about teacher education. The second presents a pedagogical project focused on contributing to the formative and continuous process of teachers from the initial years of Elementary Education and, consequently, to Science Teaching. It also shows that the actions of the project provided opportunities for didactic-pedagogical practices in the teaching-learning process, in order to improve the methodological and work proposals of teachers. The third chapter reports the initial analysis of an investigation of the previous and later conceptions of an experimental activity of the students of the 5th year of elementary school in a full-time public school of the Municipal Education Network of a municipality in the interior of Goiás , on microorganisms and their importance in the process of organic matter decomposition, focusing on the Significant Learning approach. The fourth and last chapter brings together the educational products linked to this dissertation: 1-Continuing training course of teachers for science teaching in the initial years of Elementary School, consistedin the organization and application of a continuing teacher training course of Science in the initial years of Elementary School aimed at the teachers of the municipal school network of the municipality researched; 2-First science fair of the municipal schools of a municipality in the interior of Goiás, aimed at integrating teachers, apprentices and the public in the different stages of the process of construction of scientific knowledge, from the observation of phenomena, hypothesis survey, investigationand practice of experimentation; 3. Collection of Paradise Books: A very small world -learning about microorganisms, as a didactic resource for the introduction to microorganisms in Elementary School, was developed a collection of paradidate books, composed of a series in several volumes, in comic book format . Aimed at children in grades 4 and 5 of elementary school and focused on meaningful learning, the material presents simple language, colorful images, exploring playfulness when introducing the concept of microorganisms; 4 -Microorganisms in rhymes and verses: a book of poems produced by the apprentices of Elementary School is composed of poems, and illustrations produced by the apprentices of the 5th grade Fundamental Education, along the activitiescarried out involving microorganisms. Its purpose is to encourage creative ability, disseminate artistic production of learners and knowledge about the subject; 5 -Singing and learning about microorganisms -Musical CD produced from the musicalization ofthe poems written by the apprentices of Elementary School; 6 -Microorganisms in Educational Games: knowing the microorganisms is composed of a memory game, a domino and a set of chips and aims to work the cognitive of the learner in a pleasurable way, inserting the theme microorganisms; 7-"Visible" microorganisms: Working the playful with learners with need.