Marcadores genéticos e enzimáticos de peixes como indicadores da antropização da paisagem

Abstract

The degree of anthropization in land use around watercourses can interfere with water qualityand cause damage to aquatic organisms. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of land useand occupation and water quality on fish genetic and biochemical biomarkers. For this purpose,the caged Astyanax lacustris licks were exposed for 96 hours in 13 streams inserted in matriceswith different degrees of anthropization during a dry and rainy season. After exposure, blood,liver and gills were collected for analysis of multiple biomarkers (micronuclei, lipidperoxidation, antioxidant enzymes: glutathione peroxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase,glutathione reductase and biotransformation enzymes: glutathione S-transferases). The resultsdemonstrated that the gradient of anthropization of the landscape was associated with genotoxicdamage and oxidative stress in the dry and rainy seasons. The quality of the water wasnegatively associated with the degree of anthropization of the landscape in the dry period, lossof water quality with conversion of the native landscape to anthropic landscapes. These resultsindicated that the as changes in land use interfere with the genetic and biochemical processes oforganisms. In this way, the use of multiple biomarkers can use an effective strategy to assessand monitor the anthropization of the landscape.