Processos de (re)produção do espaço social do Assentamento São Bento, em Heitoraí-GO, durante a década de 2000 : leituras do cotidiano e das redes de sociabilidades

Abstract

This dissertation aims to present, in the interdisciplinary field of Geography, History and Sociology, a study about São Bento Settlement in Heitoraí-GO, in order to highlight the processes of reproduction of the social space, from the networks of sociabilities created in the settlers’ daily life. The theoretical-methodological field of the study is based on the regressive- progressive procedure developed by the French philosopher and sociologist Henri Lefebvre. Based on this procedure, it was possible to understand that the genesis of rural settlements, in Brazil, has as a historical-social procedure the territorial formation and the agrarian question juxtaposed in disputes and conflicts between different individuals and social groups. Moreover, it was possible to perceive that the social domain retains a reading of the reality that escapes to the abstract philosophical categorization because it encompasses the real in its concrete and essential amplitude. In view of this, we highlight that the following objectives guide the dissertation: to identify the historical-political and territorial trajectories of Heitoraí-GO, to understand its insertion, from the formative processes of the Brazilian Cerrado and to analyze the forms of sociability constituted in the fragmented daily life of São Bento Settlement as possibilities of rupture of the capital-state binomial. The methodological procedures of the study are a bibliographical review on the themes of the agrarian, territorial question and of the specialized literature about the theme of the rural settlements in Brazil. In addition, consultations and research were carried out in the documents of the Institute of Colonization and Agrarian Reform and the Pastoral Land Commission. Fieldwork was developed in the settlement in focus, in which it was possible to conduct interviews, to apply questionnaires and consult meeting minutes of the periods of camps. Through the participant observation, it was learned that the settlers’ daily life is determined by the constraints of the economic and bureaucratic objectification, namely of the production, of the labor, of the marketing and of the negotiation. However, social relations, based on spontaneous cooperation and on the mutual aid, reveal fractures in the daily life captured by the capital-state binomial. It means that, although the objective conditions are indispensable, the subjective dimension of the social relations, linked to the set of affinities among the settlers, defines other forms of social reproduction beyond the economic sphere. These dimensions constitute networks of sociabilities that are built, disintegrate at different speeds in the peasants’ daily life, and which also operate spontaneously, while the necessities arise.