Grão-de-bico cultivado sob condições de manejo em sequeiro e irrigado

Abstract

Due to the great adaptability of the chickpeas to the different growing conditions, for the production of this legume in the edafloclimatic conditions of the Brazilian Cerrado, it is necessary to evaluate cultivars with greater productive potential. For this, three field experiments were carried out. The first with the objective of identifying chickpea genotypes that adapt to rainfed planting in the dry winter, in comparison with commercial cultivars and a susceptible test cultivar. The second experiment evaluated the agronomic performance and productivity of chickpea cultivars at different times of irrigation suspension. The third trial addressed the resistance of chickpea genotypes to water stress in the edaphoclimatic conditions of the Federal District. The results showed, for the first experiment, that the materials that stood out the most were the genotypes FLIP11-161, FLIP10-379, FLIP10-370 and FLIP10-329 and the cultivar BRS Toro that correlated better with weight of 100 seeds, score of drought tolerance, harvest index and productivity, and BRS Cícero at the weight of 100 seeds. As for Principal Component Analysis, they indicate that the most divergent genotypes are FLIP10- 347, FLIP11-161 and BRS Cícero, and I can be promising for future selection steps. For the experiment times of suspension of irrigation the results showed that the varieties BRS Aleppo and BRS Toro responded differently to the treatments of suspension of irrigation for the studied variables: number of pods per plant, cycle, weight of 1000 seeds and productivity. Having the highest water use efficiency for the BRS Toro variety. In the third experiment, the chickpea varieties were significantly affected by the sprinkler precipitation levels, due to the difference in soil moisture and water distribution along the wet diameter. At levels I and II, the BRS Aleppo variety imposed under stress conditions achieved better results. The water deficit imposed by the difference in rainfall had an effect mainly where there was the lowest precipitation (Level III) which compromised the stages of vegetative and reproductive development of the chickpeas, the negative effect was associated with a decrease in the height of plants, in the number of seeds and pods produced per plant, as well as the weight of 100 seeds, which reflected in the lower productivity below 891.72 kg ha-1