Avaliação da qualidade da água do córrego samambaia, Goiânia/Go

Abstract

Water is a fundamental natural resource essential to development and survival of mankind, nevertheless has been used in a wrong way. Is well-known that both, pollution and shortage of water, will be the major problem facing mankind in this century. This simple fact shows the importance of making the evaluation and to monitor the quality of natural water springs. The main target of this work is the physical, chemical and biological evaluation of the Samambaia river water, Goiânia-GO, during the dry and raining seasons. In the evaluation we identified and recorded the land usage and land occupation of the region surrounded the studied watershed. We confronted our found values with the ones showed by the Conama resolution number 357/05. The water samples were collected in the neighbourhood of the natural water spring (point 1), approximately located in the middle point of the stream (point 2) and near to the mouth (point 3) across the river from September 2008 to February 2009. All the laboratorial analysis occurred in the Environmental and Water Resources Secretary Laboratories from State of Goiás (laboratório da Secretaria de Meio Ambiente e Recursos Hídricos do Estado de Goiás - SEMARH). The spatial and temporal evaluation was performed using graphics displaying each studied parameter during the six months analysed. In addition we compared our results with the ones founded in the literature for rivers with the Samabaias’ characteristics. We have calculated the average values, the deviation, the amplitude and the variation coefficient for the data to the beginning and middle of the raining season. We also made the principal component analysis using the Satatistica 7.0 software. We compared the values obtained in the analysis with the ones founded in the Conama resolution number 357/05. We founded that the values of apparent coloration, turbidity, total residues and termaltorerants coliforms pointed to the existence of cattle in the area. The values founded in the november period to the parameters apparent coloration, turbidity, total residues, volatile residues, sedimenteble residues, pH, and termaltorerants coliforms tells us that organic residues was put down in the river flow. The influence of the dam in the river water quality was positive. The turbidity and the termaltorerants coliforms obeyed the Conama 357/05 resolution. As mitigate providences we recommend the revitalization of the permanent preservations areas, avoiding the access of the cattle in to these areas, the reformation of the damaged pasture and the conscientization of the farmers about the preservation of the Samambaia river.