A pesquisa sobre gestão democrática na escola básica no período de (2018-2021) : estudo de teses e dissertações publicadas na BDTD

Abstract

This research is part of the Line of Research Work, State and Educational Policies of the Graduate Program in Education of the State University of Goiás (UEG), University Unit of Inhumas. It was developed under the theme of democratic management in primary school and had as general objective to conduct a study on the research produced on democratic management in primary school in the period between 2018 and 2021 in the repository of the Brazilian Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (BDTD). BDTD is maintained by the Brazilian Institute of Science and Technology (IBICT), which integrates the information systems of theses and dissertations existing in educational and research institutions in Brazil. The definition of the period of survey data was due to the recent context in Brazilian political history, with the election of Jair Bolsonaro (2019 - 2022) to the position of President of Brazil, reaching until 2021 in the same government period. Data analysis refers to the problem investigated, which was to try to highlight the production on democratic management in this interval, analyze the clippings and discussions present in the researches in the period of entry of a new government. Along the way, we also tried to verify in the findings of the research selected for analysis, some questions, which are: In the context of the demo- cratic management of basic education, the research points to organizational and pedagogical elements that can evidence the effectiveness of democratic management in the basic public school? Does the school, within the scope of its institutional and pedagogical organization, have limits to democratic management? In this scope, the research is qualitative in which our theoretical lens for analysis took dialectical historical materialism as a reference and brought, for the exhibition, authors who approach the theme under this foundation. Therefore, the bibliographic survey was conducted in theoretical references concerning this theme, among them Marx and Engels (2005; 2015), Weber (2001; 2004), Bourdieu (2014), Osório (2014), Cury (2014), Chauí (2019), Paro (2016); Wood (2011), among others. About the object of studies, research was conducted to understand state, civil society, political representation, democracy, democratic management at school. The first and second chapters of the dissertation follow the path of presentation and understanding of these fundamentals contextualized to the Brazilian reality and the third chapter focuses on the exposure and analysis of the data evidenced in the research found in bdtd. A survey was made on theses and dissertations at BDTD, initially being used to a broadly defined descriptor, namely, "dem- ocratic management in primary school". A Boolean search was subsequently performed using the "and" operator grouping this same descriptor. The research in BDTD continued by titles and abstracts and it was possible to dis- tinguish the productions by regions, states, institutions. It was also possible to show a number of works per year of production, as well as from more addressed themes, in the data mining process. The research favored theses and dissertations produced in Graduate Programs in Education, because it sought consonance with the object of study that is democratic management in primary school and its implementation. We analyzed the abstracts of theses and dissertations and, through them, evidenced categories that were analyzed in the light of our theoretical framework. Some results can be highlighted in relation to the analysis of the theses and dissertations selected: in the period surveyed, there was a sharp decrease year by year in the production of works on democratic management in primary school and research is predominantly conducted in federal universities which expresses the strength and vitality of these institutions in the field of academic research, even under heavy attack in Bolsonaro’s years of government (2019 - 2022). The researched studies show foundations, practices and instruments for the development of demo- cratic processes within the basic school in line with the theoretical framework adopted in this work, therefore ratifying the complexity of consolidating democratic management in the school. It was also understood, at the end of the research conducted, that democracy in our country is under construction and in the process of reaffirmation of its principles and refers frontally to the movement of the Brazilian State, its adherence to the capitalist system, of a neoliberal nature. The basic school is established with these constraints, as well as democratic management.